From the youngest classes to teach us, as well as nature, it is not possible to see oneself alone. I will develop the development of our planet, and I will arrange it especially. The spheres are infused into our well-being: atmosphere, soil, water. And why shouldn't we be able to get in the middle of the middle ground where all the distance and go to all the larger scales? Let's take a look at the main problems of the donation.

The obstruction of the midst, because there is also a natural middle ground and the biosphere - the process of changes in the middle of some physical, chemical and biological reagents that are not characteristic of this middle water, the introduction to the preferences

Already, ten years later, there was a flurry about the near ecological catastrophe. Carrying out of preliminaries in small galuzes will lead to a meeting, which is also a change of global change for the clime and dovkilya for the added efficiency of the people. Filling the oceans through the vitic of oil and naphtha products, and the process of flowing on a grand scale, pouring in the fast populations of bagatokh species of food and the ecosystem zagalom. The increase in the number of machines will bring to the great wikidu in the atmosphere, but, at your own house, we will lead to the draining of the earth, the abundant fall on the continents, the change in the number of sourness in the turn. The deyakі of the land even encourages to bring water and drink a cup of canned food, some of the best food from the country. A lot of people have already grasped that they are not safe and even react to negative changes in nature and basic ecological problems, but still there is still a possibility of a catastrophe, as it is not coming and far away. If the threat is so close and it is inadvertently needed, let's get it right.

See that basic dzherela of the midst of the midst

The main types of difficulties are classified as

  • biology;
  • cheery
  • physical;
  • mechanic.

The first type of disease is the whole range of living organisms and anthropogenic officials. The other has a vipad to see the change of the natural chemistry warehouse obstructed by the spheres with a path to the new cheeky speeches... In the third category, the physical characteristics of the drug change. The heat, radio, noise and noise and vidi vipromynyuvan are brought up to the number of views. The remaining type of obstruction is also tied to the distance of people and wikids to enter the biosphere.

All the sight of a problem can be present as it is by itself, so it can flow from one to the other at once. Clearly, like pouring a stench into the surrounding area of ​​the biosphere.

People who have walked a long way near the hollow, melodiously, can call the price of skin drops of water. If you want to be better for everything, the blobs will be worthless, and you will lay the life of the people from them. It’s a pity for a sinister life, it’s a pity that the water is not of such great importance; Only the prospect does not call it that way. In the vineyard spіvіdnoshennі unobstructed deprived of less than 3% of the entire supply of good water. The mindfulness of the importance of water for people does not make people feel more important and life is more important with naphtha and naphtha products, important metals, radioactive words, inorganic problems, canalized drains and synthetic goodness.

There is a great number of xenobiotics - rechovins, alien to the body of humans, creatures. Yaksho such water is consumed in a grub lancet, which can bring to the serious grubby lance and death of all the lanceuga participants. It is important to find a place in the products of volcanic activity, such as hardening water and without the help of people, but more important is the effectiveness of metallurgical industries and chemical factories.

With the emergence of nuclear dosages of nature, it is customary to achieve significant shkodi in all spheres, including water. The charged parts, which were consumed in it, are of great skill to living organisms and to develop the development of oncological diseases. Static waters of factories, ships with nuclear reactors, or simply planks of nuclear weapons near the zone, carrying out nuclear weapons can lead to water contamination and distribution products.

Canalization drains, which carry in their own lifeless smittya: those who have lost, surplus, and others who have come and who, in their own devil, have multiplied to the other pathogenic organisms, which have been captured by such people. ...

Mabut, nemaє senseu explain, naskіlki soil є an important part of life. For a larger part of the country, as a man grunts, bring runt: from cereal crops to rare types of fruits and vegetables. It was so trivial and distant, it is necessary to adapt the standard to the proper level for a normal circulation of water. Ale anthropogenic zabrudnennya already called to the fact that 27% of the planet's lands were stolen before erosion.

Zabrudnenya ґruntu - a chain of consumption of up to new toxic chemical words and smittya in high quantities, which overshoot the normal flow of the cycle of runt systems. Main dzherela zabrudnennya ґruntu:

  • living rooms;
  • industry promises;
  • transport;
  • silske statehood;
  • atomic energy.

At the first glimpse of the difficulty, the runt is seen through the zvychane smittya, as vikidaetsya in unauthorized scenes. Ale the head reason for going to name the same name. Come, go to sleep, lead until the great territories are cleared, and the products of the mine scatter the soil without turning, all the middle ground is heard.

Industrial enterprises wipe out non-toxic words, important metals and chemical spoluks, not only pouring on the soil, but on the life of living organisms. Same tse dzherelo zabrudnennya vede to technogenic obrudnennya ґruntu.

Transport wikidi, in carbohydrates, methane and lead, drinking at the ground, pouring on the food lantsyuzhki - drinking it into the body of the people through the food of the food.
Overwhelming earth, pesticides, runthimikati and kind, in which there is enough mercury and important metals, to produce a significant erosion of runt and desertification. Growing growth also cannot be called a positive factor, splinters of tse vede to saline soil.

Up to 98% of radioactive inputs to nuclear power plants, including products of uranium decomposition, lead to the degradation and loss of land resources.

The atmosphere near the gaseous envelope of the Earth is of great value, the memories of the planet are captured by space radio, flowing into the relief, which is the origin of the Earth's climate and warmth. It is impossible to say that the warehouse of the atmosphere will be one-sided and with the appearance of people, sooner or later. Alle the ear of the active activity of people, the heterogeneous warehouse is "filled up" with non-baked houses.

The main zabrudnyuvachami at the development of the chemical backwaters, the fire-energy complex, the Silskoy state-of-the-art and automobiles. Produce the stench before the food of mead, mercury and other metals appears at the warehouse. Zrozumilo, near industrial zones, it’s difficult to see more.


Heat and power stations carry light and warmth at our booth, however, in parallel, the smell of a majestic amount of carbon dioxide, and saju into the atmosphere.
The reason for acidic planks is coming from chemical factories, for example, gray oxide or nitrogen. Cy oxides can enter into a reaction with other elements of the biosphere, when the teeth appear.

The modern cars are good for the design and technical characteristics, but the problem with the atmosphere of the visibility is not far away. Ash and recycled products of firing do not just smell the atmosphere of the places, but they settle on the ground and produce it to the point of being unsuitable.

Among the industrial and industrial districts, victorian life has become a small part of life itself through the obstruction of the midst of cities by factories and transport. To that, if you are stunned by a camp at your apartment, with the help of a breather, you can create a healthy microclimate, but, unfortunately, I don’t skew the gliding problems of the midst of the city, but you want to take the permission of that middle-class.

The scientific and technical progress lays down the life of people, but the technology is most often brought up to the obscurity of nature. The main types of complexities in the midst of a colony can be traced back to anthropogenic dzherels, that is, such as vicious people. Importantly, you will see the beginning of the new factories, and the new ones will appear.

Understand the dovkilla

The understanding of the "dovkilla" includes the natural minds, characteristic of the concrete world, as well as the ecological camp of the objects, which are developed for them. For people in the middle of the day, they start to have objects that are located near and near the center of contact. The elements of animate and inanimate nature are introduced to them. The following components are included in the warehouse of the dock:

  1. The atmosphere is a shell of gas that will drain the planet.
  2. Hydrosphere is the watery shell of the planet.
  3. The lithosphere is the earth's crust, mantle.
  4. The biosphere is the growth of living organisms.

Cleverly razr_znyayut two types of navkolishny middle: microredovische and macroredovische. Microredovische - the purpose of locally otochenya people, scho to be in the bezposrednіy proximity to all. Macroenvironment is the broadest understanding, including biological (alive) and physical (non-living) objects.

The law stipulates that Lyudin can ensure the normal functioning of all ecosystems. For example, Federal Law No. 7-FZ "On the protection of the middle class" establishes the basic protection principles, viznachay the witness, how vikoristovyuyutsya in the whole of the spheres, the development of more important state authorities, I will explain the rights and obligations of the lords in the organisation.

Rіzvodydi zabrudnen

The revolution in science and industry has called for the mass confusion of nature, which has infused the health of the people. If we have seen a straight line between the micro-micro-middle ground and the health of the people, the science of ecology has appeared.

See the zabrudnen, like they were tired, bully clasified, and between living organisms with people and people, they reportedly received reports.

I saw the following types of ecological problems:

All you see is the zabrudnen of the midst of the village, to cheer Shkodi for the creatures, for the growls and for the people. As a result of a series of straining factors in thousands of birds, sluggish and sluggish waters, people develop severe illnesses. The butt of a negative inflow of zabrudnen is the destruction of the ozone ball of the planet, as it can be captured from the high-speed ultraviolet viprominuvannya. As a result of the destruction of the ozone ball, there is an increase in the number of oncological ailments and ailments in the eyes.

Struggle against difficult factors

It is because of the fact that, as you see it, it’s possible to use programs to fight against the difficult factors of the natural environment. Come to be a priority for large regions, ecology and nature protection come to the level of international sports. Come fight because of the obstacles:

Globally, the hardship of the development can lead to the death of the whole living planet, the wake of the people. The zavdannya of the people of the field lies in the fact that the environment is protected and protected.

Teplove vippromіnyuvannya, scho winyє as a result.

Khimichne zabrudnennya- The increase in the number of chemical words of the singing component of the natural middle ground, as well as the introduction of some chemical words in the concentration, which transcends the norm or does not rule.

Chemistry problems are set up to the most frequently realized type of problems, which are varied as a result of the state-of-the-art business people. Chemical agents include a wide range of chemical products. For the tribute of the All-Union Organization for the Protection of Health (VOOZ), there are about 500 thousand of such, and about 40 thousand of them. - shkіdlivі speeches that are close to 12 yew. - toxic.

Table. 1 re-insured the most insecure chemical biodiversity, which is the most infused into it.

Zbіlshennya kіlkostі that rіznomanіtnіst novih Promyslova of companies, hіmіchnih virobnitstv, rіznih the agriculture zasobіv, hіmіzatsіya sіlskogo Gospodarstwa prizvodyat to narostayuchogo zabrudnennya navkolishnogo seredovischa vsіlyakimi hіmіchnimi rechovinami (ksenobіotikami), scho potraplyayut to neї of gazopodіbnimi, rіdkimi that solid vikidami that vіdhodami.

Table 1. Basic chemical works of the biosphere (for the data of UNESCO)

Chemistry speeches

Zagalny characteristic flowing into the biosphere

Carbon dioxide

It takes place before the hour of burning of all kinds of fire. Increase in the atmosphere together to bring up to an increased temperature, which can bring to the teeth geochemical and ecological heritage.

Oxide in carbon

To pretend to be wits of the unrepentant zgoryannya palyva. May destroy the thermal balance of the upper atmosphere

Clean gas

Take revenge at the dims of industrial enterprises. Viklikak zagostrennya respiratory illnesses, zavdaє shkodi roslin. Rose vapnyak and іnshі girskі breed.

Oxide to nitrogen

I have been able to develop respiratory infections and bronchitis in newborns. Take overworldly growth of water growth

One of the not-so-secure food products, especially sea ​​voyage... Accumulate in organism and hostile to the nervous system

Є an additive for gasoline consumption. DIU on enzyme systems and exchange of words in living cells

Nafta ta naftoprodukti

Lead to the teeth ecological heritage, wickle the bend of planktonic organisms, ribs, sea birds and savts.

DDT and інші pesticides

Even toxic for cancer-like. Drive in riba and organizmi to serve as food for ribs. Bagato hto є carcinogenic

The characteristic peculiarity of the chemistry is the delusion of the natural environment, and those that stink are manifested in any spacious scale, or in a global one.

The ecological situation in Russia is all the main risks and manifest a global ecological crisis. We will stay for an hour before the month, which is permissible.

The ecological situation, which prevailed for the present day, is not safe. Nini small wikidi of industrial enterprises and transport of Russia will become close to 25 million tons. enterprises, foreigners of food production. For the official data, there are 65 million people, who live in 187 places, who are sick to the infusion of strangers, the average concentration of which is transformed by the borderline permissible norms. The skin is a dozen places of Russia, there is a high level of growth of natural surroundings.

Significant obstruction of the atmosphere in those who wake up stationary dzherela. The majority of the conversations are on the solid houses. Sumarny wikid of shkidlivy gas-like rivers, the atmosphere has a significant increase in transport. A share of motor transport in the outlying community of wikis becomes 35-40% in the middle of the Russian Federation, and 80-90% in the great places. Vyhlopny gas, which can be seen by motor transport, revenge over 200 high-flown words and spoluks. Naybіlsh vіdomimy zabrudnyuvachi atmospheric ovіt є oxide in carbon, oxide and dioxide nitrogen, aldehyde, in carbohydrates, lead and in. Deyakі zabrudnyuvachі vіtrya mayut carcinogenic power (benzpyrene).

The main ways of penetrating chemistry into the environment are to stay in the process of wikis in high-spirited conversations in the midst of food, skidding at the surface and underground waters, displacing solid entrances.

Chimichne obstructed atmosphere

Atmospheric goodness is one of the most important components of dovkilla. With head dzherels, the atmosphere is obstructed є thermal power stations and heating plants, which burn organic fire; vehicles; black and color metallurgy; machine buduvannya; chemistry; vidobotok that processing of the mineral syruvin; vidkrite dzherela

The lucky minds have consumed 400 million tons of particles of ash, soot, saws and other kinds of waste and awakening materials in the atmosphere. In addition to the sight of rechovins, the atmosphere is wicked and more toxic: the steam of mineral acids (syrchan, chromium and others), organic rectors are too much. There are 500 tricky conversations that make up the atmosphere.

Dzherela wikidiv zabrudnyuchih speeches in the atfosphere
Domishki Main dzherela The average concentration in the powder is mg / m 3
Natural Angropogenic
Drank Volcanoes, saws, lisovs Sleeping palliva in promislovy and booted minds in places 0.04 - 0.4
Syrki dioxide Volcanoes, oxidized water and sulphates Sleeping firing in industrial and by-batch plants in places up to 1.0
Oxide to nitrogen Lіsovі pozhezhі Industry, motor transport, thermal power station In districts from a developed industry up to 0.2
Oxidi in carbon
Summer in carbohydrates Lisovi pozhezhi, natural methane Motor transport, viparovvannya naftoproduktіv In districts from a developed industry up to 0.3
Polycyclic aromatic in carbohydrates - Motor transport, chemical and naphtha refinery In districts from the developed industry up to 0.01

A bagato hall of energy and industry will not deprive you of the maximum number of high-class wikids, but rather ecologically unfriendly minds for living in bags of both great and middle-sized cities. Wikidi to produce toxic speech, as a rule, before adjusting the current concentration over boundary permissible concentrations(GDK).

GDK shkіdlivyh rechovins in the atmosphere of the population mісц- At the same time, the maximum concentration, during the period before the singing period, is ahead of time (30 khvili, 24 years, 1 month, 1 rik), and they don’t get it when the regulation is done directly, not indirectly. loudly injected on the organism of the people, including all the inheritances for the present and coming generations, but not to underestimate the praiseworthiness of the people and not to lose self-esteem.

Chemistry of the hydrosphere

Water, as a matter of fact, is a vital essential ingredient for all kinds of organisms. Russia to lay down to the lands, the most secured by water. However, the country cannot be called backed by water. It is anthropogenic power to produce the superficial and subterranean dzherel vodi to the hardening stage.

The main dzherels of the hydrosphere are difficult to drive, how to skip, how to set up in the process of exploitation of energy, industrial, chemistry, medical, defense, living and communal services of those people; protection of radioactive entrances from containers and containers, which, after an hour, lose their airtightness; accidents that catastrophes occurring on land and near the expanses of water; atmosphere, filled with small talk and іnshі.

Superficial dzherela drink water It is common and the world is getting more and more immersed in the xenobiotics of nature, so the habitation of the population with drinking water from the surface dzherel becomes more and more important. Close to 50% of the Russian incentives are used for drinking water, as they are not suitable for sanitary and hygienic people, but the indicators are low. The water quality of 75% of water bodies in Russia is in accordance with the regulatory requirements.

At the hydrosphere, 600 billion tons of energy, industrial, by-run and other waste waters are thrown off at a rate. Near the water, they will consume 20-30 million tons of naphtha and products of recycling, phenols, easily oxidized organic speech, and spoluks of mineral and zinc. The obstruction of the water dzherel is also the ineffectiveness of the Silk state dignity. Zalishki are kind and outward-looking, how to be immersed in the ground, to play by the water and to get lost. It’s a lot of things to get involved in the hydrospheres of the building to enter into chemical reactions and set up high-tech complexes.

The obstruction of water and sound is stifled by the functions of ecosystems, the natural processes of biological purification of fresh waters, as well as the change of chemistry to the warehouse and the human body.

Hygienic and technical vimogi before dzherel water supply and the rules for choosing the health of the population are regulated by GOST 2761-84 “Dzherela centralized state-fed water supply. Gіgієnіchnі, technіchnі vimogi and rules of the choice "; SanPiN 2.1.4.544-96 Vimoga to water quality and non-centralized water supply. Sanitary protection dzherel ”; GN 2.1.5.689-98 "Boundary permissible concentration (GDK) of chemical rivers near the water facilities of the state-fed and cultural-by-side water supply" and in.

Hygienic vimogi to the quality of water supply and centralized water supply systems are specified in the sanitary rules and norms. The norms are set for the onset parameters of water and water: instead of houses and important particles, dimness, color, turbidity, water temperature, pH indicator, storage and concentration of mineral houses and water, which are good for water, GDK. Maximum permissible concentration of water is the maximum allowable water absorption, if you want to ensure safety for the health of the people and normal water treatment. For example, for benzene, GDK is 0.5 mg / l.

Khimichne zabrudnennya ґruntu

Priming- Numeric lower creatures and microorganisms, including bacteria, colored fungi, viruses and soil є infected with syrup, gas gangrene, rightist, botulism.

The order of the natural uneven extensions of quiet chemical elements in the minds of the lucky minds on the great scale is given to the new piece. Wikidi of industrial enterprises and enterprises of the Silk-and-Vyrobnitstva, which are distributed in significant places and are consumed by the Uruns, have new additions of chemical elements. From the runt of the speech in the past, during the early migratory processes, you can eat into the organism of the people (the soil - the rose - the lyudin, the runt - the atmospheric povitrya - the lyudin, the runt - the water - the lyudin and the inn.). With industrial solid entrances at the ground, there are metal (zalizo, mid, aluminum, lead, zinc) and other chemicals.

Runt is the power of accumulating radioactive speeches, so that it can get to it with radioactive inputs and atmospheric radioactive waste from nuclear viprobuvan. Radioactive speeches are turned on before food lances and hostile organisms.

Until the cheeky spores, where the soil is disturbed, carcinogenic speech is recognized - carcinogen, which plays a very important role in the vernacular disease. The main dzherelami obrudnennya ґruntu carcinogenic rivers є vikhlopnі gas and vehicles, wikidi industrial enterprises, thermal power plants too. bud. The soil is tied with the global obstruction of the atmosphere.

The norm for chemistry hardening of the runts is carried out beyond the boundary permissible concentrations of the GDKp up to GN 6229-91 “Change of the boundary permissible concentrations (GDK) and the average permissible quantities of chemistry”.

Infusion of chemically healthy food for the health of the people

In the last ten years, the problem of prevention of unpleasant factors of overdose on the health of people has been hanging on one of the first milestones of the middle social problems.

It is linked to the quick growth of the number of children due to their nature factors (physical, chemical, biological, social), a flexible spectrum and a regime of those in flux, it is possible to take one hour (combined, complex), and

In the midst of a complex of anthropogenic (technogenic) infusions on the supply and health of people, and in a particular place, there are numerous chemical spheres, which are widely used in industry, the state's gift, energy and other spheres. In a given hour there are more than 11 million cheesy words, and economically rozvinenikh lands viroblyaєatsya that vikoristovutsya ponad 100 yew. cheeky spoluk, a lot of them really pouring on people that dovkilja.

The influx of chemically challenged buildings is practically all pathological processes that occur in foreign pathologies. Moreover, in the world of perishing, the expanded knowledge about the mechanisms of toxic inflow appears new types of unwelcoming effects (carcinogenic, mutagenic, immunotoxic and other types).

There is a little bit of important steps before uncomfortable effects are added to the flow of cheeky words:

  • povna virobnitstva that zasosuvannya fence;
  • a fence of nadkhodzhennya near the navkolishnє middle-dweller that I will pour into the ludin;
  • replacement of toxic language by mensh with toxic one;
  • obmezhennya (regulation) utrimannya in ob'ykty dovkіll and rіvnіv injected on the pracyuchy and population as a whole.

In conjunction with that, that the current chemistry has become a primary factor in the development of key direct in all systems of productive forces, the vibrational strategy of prevention, for the flexible, critical-critical employees, for the perception of what kind of people do not analyze її posterity, dovkіlla, і young social, economical, medico-biological heritage of the fence, and the growth of chemistry.

The initial criterion for the choice of a prevention strategy is to prevent schooling. In our land, beyond the cordon, virobnytstvo and vicarious activities of some insecure industrial carcinogens and pesticides have been fenced off.

Physical hardship of the natural environment

Before the difficulties of the development, it is reasonable to introduce into the ecological system that there is no power of living, non-living components, physical structural changes, which are transformed and break down the processes of the circulation and exchange of ideas,

Forgetting speeches, invite you to clump up to nature:

Physical,

Хімічній,

Biological.

Physical (and parametric) complications are linked to the output according to the norms of physical parameters of the drug.

To tsya type of hardening should be:

Radioactive,

Radioactivity,

Svitlove,

Teplove,

Shumov,

Electro-magnetic forms of obstruction.

Teplove Zabrudnennya It starts with a flood of thermal irrigation in the midst of the water. The negative influx of heat into the midst of the midst of the world appears to be a gentler in the increase of thermal gradients of temperature over the small, rural agglomerations due to natural ecosystems, due to the nature of the city's energy processes. So, the thermal inflow manifests itself in the degraded mode of the earth's surface (thermokarst, solifluktsiya, ice and in.) And the minds of people's life. Dzherelami heat obrudneniya in the boundaries of the miskih territories serve as underground gas pipelines industrial enterprises (140-160 ° C), heating lines (50-150 ° C), collectors and communes (35-45 ° C), etc.

Negative inflow into the hydrosphere means the growth of water temperature, which leads to a decrease in the acidity of the water, and decreases the activity of the entire biocenosis of water systems, to the decrease of the processes of natural mineralization of the organic green speech systems at the water. ... Deyakі live organіzmy even more sensitive to colder temperature.

Radioactively

The inflow of radioactivity began with the stretching of the trivial history of the life of the Earth. It has been established that the radioactivity of either intensity is injected onto the decay rate of living organisms. Too little lower endless radio transmission for living systems.

Radioactive viprominuvannya penetrates through living tissue, and is similar to crisp culture. It’s not overwhelming any lasting slides, and you cannot see it by itself, but you’ll just ruin the molecules in the storehouse of clitins. With great doses of radioactivity, you can get such a shkodi, so that the stench will stop dividing. That її її vikoristovuyut at radio therapy for ruinuvannya crayfish poohlin. However, even if you strongly discourage all that is, the cells would collapse practically in all tissues, and that means that the normal development of blood becomes unimportant, the skin is thin. Winikne is the so-called exchange of ailments, as you can bring to death even through a few days, or even a few days of development. And even stronger radioactivity is good for zruynuvati klitini and sprinkle mittvu bend.

Radio It is not safe at low doses, fragments can be used for DNA molecules, that is, genetic material for an organism. Rozpodil clitin with such a change (mutant) DNA becomes uncontrolled and leads to the development of evil poohlinas. Determination of ovum or spermatozoa can lead to birth defects in the offspring. All the events of the future rock may not show up. The main reason for the safety of nuclear installations is the fact that they are weak dosages of optimization, that they are uncomfortably infused with people, and that they can promote the possibility of diagnosing cancer in them and the people of disreputable offspring.

Razr_znyayut injected radioactivity somatic and genetic.

Somatic - due to a direct inflow of radioactivity on a living organism, correcting due to a significant decrease in the average energy of living and ending up with a mitten bend.

Genetically - the inheritance of the oprominennya is injected into the development of the formulation of the status clitins. Tse mutagenic injection of radioactivity. The discovery of mutations is accompanied by the change of chromosomes and the chemical damage of the genetic code for the growth of radicals in the nucleus of the state cell, as, reacting with nitrogenous bases, change the structure of the genetic code. In general, there is a specificity of radioactivity on bioob'єkti. Genetically not safe dose of radiation, be it intensity. Table 1.

Table 1.Azrazkova dose of the assessment of the number of entities

Over the last ten years, Lyudin shot a few thousand radionuclides and began to see them in scientific preliminaries, in technology, medical purposes and in medicine. Tse to produce up to an increase in dosage of optimization, so that one can be rejected by both people and the population. One of the most promising dzherels, opened by people, appear at thousands of times more intensively, below the natural dzherels.

In the given hour, the main introduction of a dose of dzherel, folded by people, to rob the call radioactively during the diagnosis and diagnosis. In the developed regions, for a thousand of the population, there are 300 to 900 such cases on the edge of mass fluorography and roentgenologic teeth condition.

Radio from dzherel, opened by people

As a result of the strength of the people in the world of the world, piece radionuclides and dzherela vipromynuvannya appeared. At the natural center, the great numbers of natural radionuclides began to come up, so that they could go around the Earth at once with vugilli, gas, naphtha, Mineral kindness, awesome materials. The role of individual piece dzherel viprominuvan in the root of radioactive aphids is illustrated in Table 21.

The natural dose of the oprominennya people is 20-50 billion / riq (1 x-ray = 1 rad). The borderline permissible size of radio for people, according to the data of the International Committee for Radio, to become 166 billion rubles. The lethal dose of a one-time optimization is 10 yew. glad. Table 2.

Table 2. Nayvazhiv_shі radioogenic isotopes in the biosphere

Radioisotopi Period in the West Type of vipprominuvannya
α. β γ
14C 5568 rock_v +
3H 12.4 rock +
32P 14.5 dB. +++
35S 87.1 dB. +
45Ca 160 dB. ++
24Na 15year +++ +++
40K 1.3 billion rubles ++ ++
59Fe 45 dB. ++ +++
54Mn 300 dB. ++ ++
131J 8 dB. ++ ++
90Sr 27.7 rocky ++
137Cs 32 rocky ++ +
144Ce 285 dB. ++ +
239Pu 24,000 rockiv +++ ++
41Ar 2 year ++
55KG 10 rockiv +

The problem of promiscuous virobition

Our industry can be divided into three categories. Prior to the first, there were vyrobnitstva, like a little naughty for the health of people, for example, seamstresses and others. Prior to the other, there was a variety of products, for example, metalworking. Oh, it was allowed to be on the outskirts of places, for a deyakom from them all out. Until the third one, there were virobnitstva, the distribution of those close to the places was categorically fenced off. However, the speed of growth of misfortune has been forgotten in the past few years because of the effectiveness of the legislation of the country. The great promises of the enterprises, which were scattered far from the place, were shuddered as quickly as they were forgotten. Moreover, most of the population of the local population accumulated near the great enterprises, de-spostering a lot of difficulties. A similar ecological camp, which is practically characteristic for all great industrial development places.

Our land has already got used to the fun of going to fight with the ecological legacies of the unplanned development of places. The station of the dovkilya at the places of our land has been cleaned up, the protecological problems of the places have become too much to welcome. Before the traditional dzherel, the hardening of the dovkilla was given new, the role of those grew up. Tse, persh for everything, wasted on motor transport, which in Danish hour is the head dzherel of the atmosphere in the places, as well as the head dzherel of noise.

At its own place, the place, being great transport universities, has become the center of the network of the natural environment of the city of transport highways, which can go all the way.

The camp of the pool man

Most of the great places are characterized by a super-strong and intense atmosphere. A thought has been widely expanded about those who are in the midst of growth in the place of growth and the concentration of young foreign conversations in the atmosphere, protest, for good reason. The order of low levels of concentration of obscurity in peripheral areas, it is usually easy to get lost in the zones of great industrial enterprises, especially in the central regions, in the rest, unaffected by the concentration of the great industries, It’s worth the time, because in these regions there is an increased traffic flow, so it’s like in the central regions of the atmosphere. industrial districts When analyzing the processes of obstructing the atmosphere, there is even more growth between the obstructed, vibrated stationary and mobile dzherels. As a rule, from the increase in the size of the place, the part of mobile dzherel obrudnennya (in the main transport) is blocked by the atmosphere of growth, reaching 60 and 70%.

In this hour of great hope in the guarding of the pool man, we will be tied to the maximum gasification industry of the fire-and-energy complex, the gasification protector will not be overwhelmed. At the exit from the stationary dzherel, the obstruction of the swimming pool by motor transport is carried at a small height and it is practically local character... So, the concentration of zabrudneni, rocked by automobile transport, rapidly change in the world from the distance to the transport main, and due to the obviousness, to reach the high cross-codes (for example, in the dark courtyards of the budinks) there can be a decrease of 10 times.

In general, wikidi vehicles are highly toxic, nіzh wikidi, viroblenі stationary djerels. An orderly gas, nitrogen oxides and soot (in diesel cars) a clean car will be seen in the middle of the day 200 words and a half, which may be toxic. Among them there are several types of important metals, such as carbohydrates, especially benzapirene, which is a carcinogenic defect. It’s insanely, that for the least likely people, the obstruction of the poor by motor transport is becoming the best for the poor. It should be explained by the head rank of Tim, but in Denmark there are often no cardinal solutions to the problem, if only some technical projects and recommendations are not defective.

The obstruction of the atmospheric food є the most important ecological problem of the day-to-day place, which creates a significant school for the health of city dwellers, material and technical problems, we work with people, industrial workers, industrial workers, transport workers, napivfabrikatam) and greens.

Free for the butt of the deprivation of the inflow of the wickedness of the pool on the material and technical ob'єkti deprived of one component - a clean gas, which wicks into the atmosphere when the fire is burnt.

Yak to show the number of advancements, the concentration of the hot gas has been adjusted to a high degree of corrosion to metals. So, according to the tributes of Swedish pre-epochs, especially the intensive corrosion in coal steel in places and from significant problems of every day and especially nestled down to the sea Uzbeks. It is easy to pay attention to the growth of the road to the industrial possession of the industrial production of the cricket, to the establishment of the food in the pool, it is unhealthy to grow. Moreover, to appear, at the same time, there is a low level of the most advanced industry of industry, such as electronics, more precisely, machinery and equipment, to become aware of the serious difficulties in their development on the territory of the city. The enterprises of the cikh galuzei are brought with the vitrachati chimali koshti for the cleansing of the food, so they can go to the shop, and they are unaffected by the shop, at the warehouses that have been disrupted in the great places, the technology of the bass has been destroyed, and the reason for the hardening of leather. If you can find in workshops with high-precision and high-quality products, you can put your mind close to the ideal, then, going outside the workshop, you will be able to fix my own good luck.

In such a rank, the obstruction of the old swimming pool with the old real galma of the scientific and technological progress in the places, the way of which is constantly evolving in the world to the purity of technology, the growth of the accuracy of the industrial wide possession of the world.

Dowkill's infusion on the health of the city's population

The great world of obstruction of the atmosphere means the health of the population of the city. About the price, zokrema, suttuvі vіdmіnnostі in the condemnation of the population in the surrounding areas of the same place. In one area, there is a large number of industrial enterprises located close to the children's cages, in the other children, establish a distance from the main main routes and dwarf obstructed due to the awkward conversations. An analysis of ailments has shown that the state of malignancy in the first region is 1.5 times more different than in another. The disease of organisms in children in groups (of up to 6 rocky) in the first region is also 1.5 times in food, below in another region, and the nervous system and organs are sensitive - in 2-2.5 times more often.

The health of the townspeople is not deprived of an indicator of the ecologic camp of the place, but of the most important social and economic heritage, which can be used directly to reduce the quality of the development. At the connection with the cymbals, it is even more important to talk about the health of the townspeople at the boundaries of biological norms and functions of economic, social (including psychological) and environmental minds.

In general, nines are infused into the health of the townspeople with a lot of bureaucrats, especially the characteristic rice of the life of the city - the dynamics, the change of nerves, the transport system and the others, and the most important - the complication of the addiction. About the price of meeting the suttuvi of awareness of the incapacitation of the population in the rural areas of the same place.

Some of the negative inheritances of the obstruction of the development of the great world are manifested in the degraded health of the townspeople, among the inhabitants of the Silk community.

The need to preserve the health of the city and the high preference of the city dwellers as much as possible to the quality of the midst of the city. As a matter of fact, there will be a number of negatively active factors (for example, high-flown words in the atmosphere and near waters). The need to take that line of spilling into the water on a human being to a decrease in the boundary permissible values ​​of the skin for them. In other words, the marginally permissible values ​​(MPE) of negatively-acting factors in the midst of the world (high-spirited words, which are the function of our knowledge: to peer at a glance from time to time.

The order of the hardship of the pool to the health of the people is negatively associated with many factors in the development of places.

Shumove zabrudnennya

The noise of obstruction in places is practically based on a small local character and it is important to interfere with transport - small, high-traffic and aviation. At the same time, on the main highways of the great places, the noise level outweighs 90 dB, but it tends to be more efficient by 0.5 dB, which is the most important thing for the increase in the number of transport highways. There will be a bend or the migration of food from the zones of the flow, which will be supervised by the bend of the entire ecosystem. Noise is one of the forms of physical (sickly) impairment, adaptation to the point of being uncomfortable. Strong noise ponad 90 dB wiklikє neuropsychic stress and loss of hearing - even to the point of deafness. Even more loud noise (at 110 dB), the resonance of the cell structures by protoplasm, before the noise emission, and then before the ruining of the tissue. In fig. 2.4. representations of the noise obstruction of that trail of health at the boundaries of the power scale or the sound, as it will be according to the logarithms of the same magnitude of the sound to the threshold of sensitivity.

Small. 2.4. The scheme is injected into the sound at the threshold of sensitivity and traces of noise obstruction for the health of the people

How to show the doctors' advances, adjusting the noise and developing the neuropsychic ailments and hypertension. Fighting the noise in the central regions of the place, it’s difficult to forget it, it’s gone through the uncomfortable state of the noise-saving screens, the expansion of highways and the hanging of trees, so that you can reduce the noise on the roads. This rank, the most promising solutions to the problem of reducing the noise of power transport vehicles.

Behind expert assessments, through noise, 70-80% of Muscovites live in the minds of acoustic discomfort. At booths, roztasvanih on the main transport routes, the level of noise reaches 65-85 dB (at a rate of more than 50 dB).

Let's remember by becoming an inflow of the world's physical healthier people in great places. For example, in Moscow, the level of the middle tension of the changing electric field for the rural areas is located in the overwhelmingly high boundaries. Such a regime is not є natural for people and, moreover, not safe.

Three types of ionizing vipromyuvannya vvazayutsya ecologically not safe: corpuscular (alpha and beta-viprominuvannya), electromagnet (gama viprominuvannya) and close to new x-ray. Ionizuyuche vipprominuvannya MUCH the most infusion on high-grade organisms. Microorganisms to the new style.

In case of biocenotic obstruction, the main navantage is the conceit of the natural environment; at them the balance of species will be destroyed, so that the ecosystems will be bent. Do not forget about biological problems - the emergence of the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria, which may not be safe, but not chemically difficult. For example, environmental disasters are susceptible to epidemics such as cholera, influenza and other ailments. In the world, in significant territories, the natural environment is practically degraded, the overwhelming process of the development of the future is becoming a biochemical process of corrosion. It is a mistake to bring up to a quick ruin of organic and mineral health-related materials, and it is also unacceptable for primitive biological difficulties, to supervise allergic reactions and bronchial discomforts.

Stationary-destructive complications are most often made possible for every hour of life to pass through the change of landscapes in the process of non-rational environmental development. Additional technogenic components are introduced into the ecosystem with additional alarm activity. At the same time, there are structural changes (the system of growth is heterogeneous, folding), and natural interactions become destructive. Especially not a safe view of wandering in places, so that when it’s awake, it’s going to break down in the environment, and natural complexes that are lost on the territory of the place, you can’t forget about the water that is effectively cleansed

Behind the data of the MDU, in the Moscow metro station, through a view of the hardened relief, becoming more one-sided and flat. With the development of the place, step by step, the positives of the given territory of the formation of the relfu - the moraines of the pagorbi and the visochin, the coast and the food of the dunes - were growing. At the last on the territory of m. Moskvia, there was a stocked richok. Bassein bunks. Moscow in the middle of the current was close to 120 markets, which were the beginning of the hydrogeological regime of the territory. Already until the XX century, a few dozen rychok, struma and yariv, other rychki boules were transferred to the collectors. Throughout the current year, through the collector's construction, the phenomena of the development of the future and even more urgent problems of the hydrogeological plan for the greater monuments of architecture have become parts of it.

The process of spontaneous imposition of cultural beliefs is in the wake of the capital. Growing up on the navkolishn middle and growing "greening" through the bend of trees and other terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, it becomes the annual loss of 33% of all optimal for the place.

Such minds have a problem for the Moscow system, and they began to imagine sharpening negative processes in the biosphere. Dilans of geological risikov occupy ninety 48% of the territory of the city (expanding in all administrative districts), 40% of the territory of the city were identified in the fire-fired mill, 15 dalyans of development of 100 m Karst-suffosy processes have been activated (10 potentially unsafe zones have been discovered in the winter-western part of the place).

The reaction of the geological middle ground to the anthropogenic flood most often manifests itself after a significant hour, however, at such a scale, it requires colossal vitrates to correct the situation and recovery. So, in 1987, the rock collapsed to a depth of 10 m on the Parkhomenka street at once from the booths near the Kalusha metro station in the Ivano-Frankivsk region. The reason is the systematic vyroblenya ore and the lack of ruins before the forgotten street. Yakby, with the help of other factors, the conservation and changeover robots were quickly carried out, it wouldn’t have happened.

As a rule, it is not a statistically destructive impairment to bring up to an increase in the amount of time in the middle of the day and the other species of impairment.

Aesthetically (visually) enchantment has created and prodded a significant Shkodi to the architectural and historical middle of the world, for example, the flavor of the historic streets and courtyards of the Moscow metro station has been absorbed. The historical part of the place and the landscape on the territories of the new life suffered through the construction of inert objects, but do not remind the landscape and the nature of the historical forget.

The one-man architecture brought about disharmony in the historical middle of the world, and he made social problems more acute. The naturally unattractive awakenings, which appeared in the 1960s in the midst of the city, began to negatively infuse into the world and the psyche of the people - people became frowned, a number of vandalism grew up, etc. Seriously one-sided facades have become obstructed from a sharp decrease in the number of visible elements (blind facades, panels of great size, walls, lined with cotton tiles thinly).

To summarize the victories, you can see such negative inheritances of difficulties:

Dying of the quality of living organisms, tobto. deaeration;

Osvita nezhaannyh vrat speech, energy, pratsi and zobіv, vitrazhennuyu for a vidootіvlі sirovini and materіalіv, which is transformed into a non-rotating entry, which is distributed in the biosphere;

Non-reversible management of environmental systems, and biosphere zalom, including inflow into the global physical and chemical parameters of the middle;

To waste the friendly lands, decrease in the productivity of ecological systems and the biosphere as a whole;

Corrosion development of new resources and re-development of new resources;

Directly outdated the destruction of the physical and moral will of the people as the head of the productive force of the suspension.

Also, the main reasons for the critical situation in the technobiosphere of the PTS were the lack of human rights to the basic environmental laws and the overhaul of the anthropocentric approach to satisfying its needs.

It is determined that critical situations are detected during the development and operation of the offensive enterprises of the people's government and the territory, for those who are designed for the project, the distribution of the distribution is necessary:

1) start-up installations for the processing of syroe naphtha, such as gasification or hydrolysis of up to a minimum of 500 tons to extract naphtha shale, kam'yanogo vugill and peat;

2) boiler houses and power plants, whose mining capacity is not less than 300 MW;

3) smelting and livarny shops with a productivity of up to 5,000 tons per river, black and color metallurgy plants, sinter factories, shops for the production of light steel, as well as advertisements of factories and vialing shops;

4) asbestos kar'єri, as well as factories that recycle asbestos and vypuskayut virobi;

5) the plant from the release of piece fiber, mineral wool, cement, installation, how to get rid of the distributors of that kind, how to take revenge on the distributors, in which the winners get 1000 tons per day, as well as factories that release for the great people healthy people that are great for a child;

6) the installation of a low-level cleaning of high-speed inputs, an installation of a physical and chemical treatment and a crowd of halls, an installation of a shutdown of a communal-by-the-street cleaning and a total of 20,000 tons per year;

7) cellulose paperwork and cardboard factories;

8) large-scale production of vidobutku and sagachennya metal and іnshih ores;

9) stocks of naphtha and naphtha-chemical materials from the backyard 50,000 m3;

10) the development of motor vehicles, highways, main lines, as well as aerodromes with a strong dark smog - yak minimum, 2,100 m;

11) main water pipelines, canalization lines, naphtha product pipelines with a diameter of a minimum, 1000 mm, large water and canalization tunnels, as well as pipelines with a pressure, like a minimum, 400 m;

12) sea fairways with glibinoy, yak minimum, 8 m, internal fairways with glibinoy, yak minimum, 4 m, port, inlet canals which show the specified values, as well as the largest canals;

13) installation for clearing by-channel channelization in settlements with a number of up to 100,000 bags;

14) rowing, water storage with an area of ​​10 km2, design the regulation of water systems, as well as an average flow rate of 20 m3 / s and as a result of drainage and water flow, and can often be seen from the current situation;

15) withdrawal of ground water at a minimum rate of 3 million m3;

16) view of carbohydrates in the open sea;

17) the territory of forests, it hurts that swampy terrain with an area of ​​200 hectares, which is located in the backwoods, on which a permanent change of nature is transferred through the draining of a melioration of the village, the residual knowledge of the village is not

18) nuclear installations and reactors, in addition to pre-conventional reactors, with a need for heat generated less than one MW, and to navigate installations, designed, for the first time, for the recovery of nuclear materials, repeated reprocessing of radioactive inputs.

Zabrudnyuvachi all-in-the-middle

It’s a happy time to spend a lyudin at the booths, because of the way of life and the minds of labor efficiency, from 52 to 85% of the hour, that inner middle class is primitive, to visit with altogether low concentrations of a great number of reasons for the toxicity of the speeches, immune status and in.

The middle of the middle primacy can be characterized by the following parameters: aesthetic, physical, chemical and biological. Whether it is the optimal value for people (the optimal value is for people, for people, for the warehouse ecosystem, and, also, only for the natural warehouse of food, drive that health.

The greatest negative influx on a human being gives off cheeky troubles, which, through the closedness of the volume, are disgustingly dispersed, and at great concentrations of the presence in the surroundings, not only through the necessary from the atmosphere, but, in the main, from the inner space. Falsely as a functional sign of primacy and development. Some of the characteristic products of destruction of synthetic polymeric materials (varnishes, farbi, glues, putties, mastics, etc.) Through the foul ventilation by the non-safety є products of inconsistent combustion of gas, firewood, firewood near stoves, stones and gas stoves - foul gas (CO), coal (C) and ін. Preparations by-flow chemistry have become typical brutes in the living and the community of people. Natural phytoncides, which are suitable for every occasion, replaced by synthetic aromatic phrases of refreshing vitamins. As a rule, the price should be deprived of the visibility of freshness, self-deception is perceived for the smothering of the scent, the inappropriate smell is not absorbed, but should not be interrupted. By the way, by the way, by the way, the bacteriostatic obstruction, the contamination of materials with pathogenic bacteria, the budding fungus and other microorganisms can also be brought before the problem.

The NDI of the ecology of the people and the life of the navkolishny middle of the RAMS has been established, but in every week of life and the big buzz, there can be at once the presence of 100 summer speeches, cheeky springs, to lie there until the next time. Porіvnyalna kіlkіsna otsіnka hіmіchnogo zabrudnennya zovnіshnogo povіtrya that povіtrya primіschen zhitlovih that Gromadska budіvel showed scho zabrudnennya povіtryanogo seredovischa vsіh Gromadska budіvel perevischuvalo rіven zabrudnennya zovnіshnogo povіtrya in 1.8-4 Razi - fallow stage od zabrudnennya ostannogo that potuzhnostі vnutrіshnіh Jerel zabrudnennya.

One of the most needed dzherel is the business of the day and the day of the day. One can judge about the rivn by the fact that they are not safe from the general scores - the class is not safe (1 class - the most safe; 2, 3, 4 - mens are not safe). Not safe inheritance for people, it is important to forecast, there is a lack of injections in the development of groups, there is no synergistic effect and not enough hygienic characteristics. About a specific Skoda for people, you can judge them by the guidance below. On this year's day, we see that people are in contact with phenolic, sechovino, melamine-formaldehyde, epoxy, polyether resins, polyamides, polyvinyl chloride, rubbers and adhesives of various kinds. Allergenic powers of acrylonitrile, which can be seen from polymeric materials, aromatic amin (for example, neozone D), benzene, toluene, xylenes, hexamethylenediamine, acetone, resorcinol, captax, phthalate, maleridium, coumarin A number of polymeric materials, for example, phthalevium anhydride, hydroperoxide, styrene, are injected into the function of statics (gonadotropic action). As a result of teratogenicity and toxicity to benzene, phenol and other older ones, as well as formaldehyde. Before chemical mutagens, there are ethylene-and propylene oxide, dimethylformamide, phenol, formaldehyde, epichlorhydrin, ethylene glycol, hydroperoxide, and isopropylbenzene.

From chemical words, to enter the warehouse of polymeric materials, carcinogenic power may, for example, polycyclic carbohydrates (3,4-benzopyrene), peroxide. So, as a lot of people who have been rewarded for restoration work, they need to show a negative influence on people; speeches that are not safe for people and all living things on Earth.

The edge of the integration process in the villages is more parametric. Because of the fact that people are awake, you can cut off less or a larger dose of optimization. Budivlya, who seek out people from the name of the callous dzherel optimization, itself for the money in the place of radioactive materials injected onto the people, and at the same time it is necessary to carry out the certification of materials for reconstruction

The other is not without parametric hardening, it is tied with radon. Nebezpeka zabrudnennya radon vinykє, nasam before, at the bottom of the ground that on the lower surfaces, where it comes from the earth. Nadkhozhennya radon will do it, if it is warm to come through the dakhi budinks, the razrіdzhennya is on fire.

In such a rank, the confusion of wickedness in the primitives is even more important for the future and restorers of the ecological problem. When you see the picture, the main thing is that it causes trouble. Probably project, you need to include three categories of reasons for obstruction:

Records (materials) that possession, how to become vicarious in inter'ers, see potential viparis;

The application becomes more airtight, and the words accumulate until they are not safe;

The exposition of the hardship is more in the middle (up to 70-80% of the hour people are in the middle), not on the whole.

That is why it is relevant to start the ecological process until the planning of applications, assessments and the selection of educational materials for the interiors, the selection and distribution of engineering possession at the booths too. The restorers and restorers, in their own capacity, can solve the ecological problem in two ways - from one side, they do not allow for little obstruction of the midst of the midst, and from the other side - they take special solutions to get people to kill

Necessary differentiation of compensation before the date of the renewal of ecological buildings near the building. At the latest critical situation, the development of the environmental policy of the alarm industry is required, and at the same time, the laws of the ecology of B. Kommener are in order:

1 - all tied with usim;

2 - everything can go;

3 - nature “know” is more beautiful;

4 - not given for nothing.

As a result of anthropogenic activity, the midst of the community grows new species... Tse sutta is infused not only on the life of people, but on the camp of klimata, flora, fauna, to bring up to the sum of the inheritance. Mainly dzherelo zabrudnennya - the price of wine walking people:

  • automobiles;
  • power station;
  • nuclear weapons;
  • industry promises;
  • cheery speeches.

Everything, which is not natural, but piece-like, is infused into the health of people and ecology. To navigate the items of the first need, such as the one and the other, at the same time do not do without innovative boxes from the stasis of chemical words.

On the current day, there were no cars and no technical problems, which, with their robots, create noise. Price of transport and special equipment, owned by enterprises and a lot of them. As a result of the car, by the way, by the way, I see a great number of sounds, as they play the ears of people and creatures. The same inappropriate noise can be seen as a natural path - menaces, volcanoes, hurricanes. All the effects of a sound disturbance and infusion on the health of people, a headache, problems with the heart-judgment system and problems with the hearing apparatus. If you lose your hearing, you can cause an insult or an infarction.

Obstructed atmosphere

Today, there is a great number of wikids and greenhouse gases coming into the atmosphere. More and more people get into trouble with the gases of cars, and cars near the places with skin rock grow more. Still one more atmosphere became obstructed - the main industrial enterprises:

  • naphtha;
  • metallurgy;
  • cement;
  • energetic
  • in coal shovels.

The ozone ball of the Earth, like a conquest of the surface from the straight sleepy promenades, is crumbling as it becomes obstructed. The ecology stagnates, fragments of molecules and necessary living processes in all living organisms.

Obrudnenya hydrosphere and lithosphere

The obstruction of the road is still one global problem. It reached such a scale that it was not only the waters that came from the lakes, but the sea and the oceans that came to the non-native country. Naybіlsh nebіlshі dzherela obrudnenya with water as follows:

  • stichnі vodi - pobutovі and promislovі;
  • wikid smittya at the little rychka;
  • bottling of naphtha products;
  • hydroelectric power stations and rowing.

The land is filled with water and agrochemicals, products of industrial enterprises. A particular problem is the storage of those polygons, as well as the protection of radioactive rivers.