Do you think about those who at the same time were launching automatic probes by the European Space Agency or NASA ??? Hi? What aboutvzagalithink?

Really, you don’t need to think about it! It is necessary to marvel at the signs from space, as if they were taken from the probes themselves! Only zavdyaki їm mi robimo like vysnovki about the "evilness" of our sleepy system. In the given hour, a few probes are found near the open space, and keep watch on the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars and Saturn, do not deprive the pose of respect, obviously, of the Sun. "Spaceships are less concerned with the galaxy as a whole. For example,space shuttle.So cosmic like The Space Shuttle is small outside, but a few astronauts can get along in them. Maybe it’s too tight there… well, hey, nobody cares about those who will help our Earth out of space? Nobody zazdriv tim who bachiv the stars through the illuminator of the rocket? As we have no opportunity to get on board a spaceship, we invite you to ask for additional photographs on the asteroid Vesta, walk along the sawn surface of the planet Mars together with the rover, have mercy on the satellites of Saturn!

The NASA observatory is engaged in uninterrupted observation of any changes on the surface of the heavenly bodies. For example, the photograph clearly shows the change in the cycle of the linear sleepy plasma - in our Russian way, the photograph clearly shows the influx of the magnetic field of the sleepy atmosphere on the third view. If you are not related to astronomy, then you should know that these species cause sleepy sleep. For us - tepі m'yakі prominchiki sun! And there in space everything is serious!

Photo below: the comet is approaching Sun. Behind the idea is a unique sign. The temperature near Sontsya is over a million degrees. The comet is already guilty of roztanuti, vlasne, like the photographs themselves - it doesn’t matter if the crew or just a probe. Astronauts and astronomers are here to explore. Burn live bait for the sake of the comet - the victim of science ...

Seemingly, science has worked a lot of seven-league miles ahead. Science is moving forward! Today's technology shows both low and equally high temperatures.

Leather spacecraft (probe, rocket, satellite) fastened to the kimos of the Earth. In this manner, thousands of aparatists force their "photos" to their curators. For example, the photograph below was sent from a probe to a scientist at the University of Washington. Carnegie to John Hopkins. Hopkins gladly shared images of people.

Amazing photo: the space station at a distance of 390 km from the Moon!

And so looking M_syatsya for the surface M_syatsya. Take a look, scho hovaєtsya in the darkness of our atmosphere. However, nothing like that. The astronauts from the space station, the stars and the shattering of the signs, stverzhuyut, which is more than a creation of the lens.

The axis is out - our right to no life. View hInternational Space Station. Pictured are Washington, Boston, New York and a little Long Island. Pittsburgh and Philadelphia are located in the center.

Ale, the head of the head in the photo is the Russian satellite in the foreground, where would it be without them! Follow America: day and night!

Photographs enchant, but they can shy away either cars, or astronauts, like living in space are not in such comfortable minds. Ale richly hto stverzhuє, scho if such beauty is beyond the window, you don’t particularly think about comfort.

I wondered why the astronauts should not try to turn from space to the earth. Landing is not the best. Engine grip, neimovirna swidkіst, the capsule comes out, the ship burns in the atmosphere, and just barely touches down.

It’s much easier to pass through, let it go with the same vise, and with no less shaking.

Natomistity then becomes quiet, and lack of vagomity - marvelous sight. You marvel at the illuminator, and there behind the slope - pіvnіchne syyvo that swirling gloom of the atmosphere of the planet ... beauty!

Sob, the polling went on normally, the astronauts went to work, arranging forklifts for the ship, reversing the equipment and adjusting the robot overboard.Skin 6 years may be rechecked. With a stretch of 15 minutes, the flight engineer checks everything. Also, when the ship of the astronaut is involved, both space stations are responsible for controlling the process.

To go on a monthly expedition in shells, with glassy windows and shutters. It's a great time to marvel at the All-World Heroes of Tsiolkovsky and Wells.

If the right came to practice, the simple word "vіkno" seemed unacceptable to space technology retailers. That is why those, through which the cosmonauts can marvel at the ship, are called, not a little rich, special, and less "ceremonially" - illuminators. Moreover, the illuminator is light for people - the illuminator is visual, and for the equipment - optical.

Illuminators are at the same time a constructive element of the shell of the spacecraft, and optical extensions. On the one hand, they serve for the protection of the equipment of that crew, which is located in the middle of the air, in the presence of a dovkіll, on the other hand, it is to blame for the safety of the robotic various optical equipment and visual security. Not only, vtim, caution - if on the offending sides of the ocean they painted equipment for the "dawn warriors", through the illuminators of warships they climbed to take aim.

Americans and English rocket launchers should put the term "illuminator" at a deaf kut. Re-drink: Tse vikna, chi sho? In the English language everything is simple - in the booth, in the Shuttle - window, and everyday problems. And the axis of the English sailors seems to be a porthole. Also, Russian cosmic viknobudivniki, sing-song, closer in spirit to overseas shipbuilders.

Two types of illuminators can be seen on space vehicles. The first type of povnistyu vіdokremlyuє znіmalnu znіmalny aparatu, scho znahoditsya in germovoіdsіku (ob'єktiv, cassette part, priymachi izobrazhennia and іnshі functionalnі elementi) vіd "vorozhy" zvnіshny sredovishcha. Behind such a scheme, space vehicles of the Zenit type were launched. Another type of illuminator is in the case of a cassette part, accommodating images and other elements in the external medium, with which the object is located in an unpressurized window, then in a vacuum. Such a scheme has been planted on space vehicles of the Burshtin type. With a similar scheme, the power to the optical power of the illuminator becomes especially hard, the illuminator’s shards are the storage part of the optical system of the significant equipment, and not, let’s just say, a “window in space”.

It was important that the cosmonaut could surmount the ship, calling on those that youma could see. Singing peace, it was far away to rise. It is especially important to "marvel ahead" during landings on the Moon - there the American astronauts repeatedly hit the hand control during landings.

For most cosmonauts, the psychological manifestations about the top and bottom are formed in the fallow in the presence of a great sharpness, and in this case, illuminators can help. Nareshti, illuminators, like a skylight of the Earth, serve to illuminate the sky during the flood over the illuminated side of the Earth, Moon of distant planets.

Like any other optical accessory, a ship's illuminator can have a focal length (from a pikkilometer to five hundred) and a lot of other specific optical parameters.

OUR SKELNIKI - BEST IN THE SVITI

During the construction of our country's first spaceships, the development of illuminators was entrusted to the NDI Aviation Warehouse of the Ministry of Aviation Industry (now the BAT "NDI of the Technical Warehouse"). The Sovereign Optical Institute im. S. I. Vavilov, NDI of human engineering industry, Krasnogirsk mechanical plant and a number of other enterprises and organizations. A great contribution to the production of glasses of various brands, the preparation of illuminators and unique long-focus lenses with a large aperture, having built the Litkarinsky Optical Warehouse near Moscow.

The task appeared to be folded to the edge. More vibrancy of lethal lighters mastered their time long ago and it’s important - it slowly swallowed up transparency, grimaced with cracks. The Crimean security of transparency, the wartime warfare suffocated armored forces, after the war, the growth of jet aircraft security led to more than a growth of strength to the strength, and even to the need to save power in the event of aerodynamic loading. For space projects, it was bad, like it was for lights and illuminators, it was not suitable - not the temperature and the need.

The first space illuminators were expanded in our country on the basis of the Decree of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Radiation of the Ministers of the SRSR No. 569-264 dated January 22, 1959, yak transferred the cob of preparation to piloting. I in the USSR, and in the USA, the first illuminators were round - such bulbs were easier to develop and prepare. In addition, the countrymen's ships, as a rule, could turn around without the participation of people, and apparently there was no need for a good look "according to the light." Gagarin's "Skhid" maw two illuminators. One was placed on the entrance hatch of the apparatus, which is descending, three times larger than the head of an astronaut, the other one is white in the body of the apparatus, which is descending. We do not ask you to guess for the names of the main distributors of the first illuminators at the NDI aviation warehouse - ce S. M. Brekhovskikh, V.I. Alexandrov, H. Y. Serebryannikova, Yu. I. Nechaev, L. A. Kalashnikova, F. T. Vorobyov, Ye. F. Postolska, L. V. Korol, B. P. Kolgankov, E. I. Tsvetkov, S. V. Volchanov, V. I. Krasin, Y. G. Loginova and others.

After many reasons, during the construction of their first spacecraft, our American colleagues recognized a serious “mass shortage”. Therefore, the level of automation of the control of the spacecraft, similar to that of Radyansk, the stench simply could not afford to use the improved light electronics, and the rich functions of the control of the spacecraft flickered on the airborne pilots-testers, selected from the first cosmonaut. With the first version of the first American ship "Mercury" (the one they said about, that the astronaut did not enter before the new, but took it on himself), the pilot's illuminator did not light up the transmission - it took 10 kg of additional weight to take no stars.

The illuminator appeared only after the first flight of the astronauts themselves after Shepard's first flight. The right, advanced "pilot's" illuminator appeared only on the "Dzhemin" - on the hatch of the landing crew. Then yoga was made not round, but a folding trapezoidal shape, shards for full manual control with sticks to the pilot, and a necessary look ahead; on the Soyuz, before speech, for the sake of aiming at the illuminator of the apparatus that is descending, the periscope is installed. The company Corning was engaged in the development of illuminators in the Americans, and the firm JDSU was responsible for the cover on the fold.

On the command module of the monthly Apollo, one of the five illuminators was placed on the hatch. The other two, which ensured close proximity to the monthly module, marveled ahead, and two more "flails" allowed them to cast a glance perpendicular to the ship's late axis. On the "Soyuz" it was buzzing three illuminators on the apparatus that descends, and up to five - on the one-button window. The largest number of illuminators on orbital stations - up to a few dozen, various forms of expansion.

An important milestone in “Viknobuduvanni” was the creation of a sledge for space aircraft – the Space Shuttle and the Burana. "Chovniki" land in a flying way, and also, pilots need to ensure a good look around from the cockpit. To this, both American and Vitchian retailers gave six great folding-shaped illuminators. Plus, on a par at the cabins - it’s already for safe stowing. Plus a window at the back of the cabin - for operations with brown vantage. І, nareshti, along the illuminator on the entrance hatch.

On the dynamic landings, flying on the front illuminators of the "Shuttle" or "Buran" is destined to be more ambitious, watching the quiet, like a sky illuminator of the great aparativs that are descending. That’s why there’s less rozrahunok for the mіtsnіst here. And if the "chovnik" is already in orbit, the illuminators show "too rich" - the cabin overheats, the crew takes off the "ultraviolet" light. To that hour of the orbital flight, part of the illuminators near the Shuttle cabin is covered with Kevlar shutters-caverns. And the axis of the "Buran" in the middle of the illuminators was a photochromic ball, which was dark under the influence of ultraviolet light and did not let the "zayvogo" to the cockpit.

RAMI, SHUTTER, LATCH, VENTILATION...

The main part of the illuminator is tse, obviously, slope. For the cosmos vikoristovuetsya not zvichayne sklo, but quartz. During the “Skhodu” hour, the selection is not too great - available bules are less than the SK and KV brands (the rest is nothing more, like melting quartz). They did it later and tried a lot of other different styles (KV10S, K-108). We tried to win vikoristovuvaty from space orgsklo brand SO-120. The Americans have a brand of thermal and impact resistant steel Vycor.

For illuminators, glass of various sizes is installed - 80 mm in diameter up to a maximum diameter of 490 mm, and recently an eight-hundred-millimeter "sklyatse" appeared in orbit. About zakhishist "cosmic windows" go ahead, and the axis for zakhistu crew members in the shkidly infusion of near ultraviolet light on the errors of the illuminators, which work with non-stationarily installed fixtures, apply special light.

Illuminator - it's not only bad. In order to take into account the functional design, the sprat of glass is inserted into the holder, made of aluminum or titanium alloy. For the illuminators of the "Shuttle" they won the name of lithium.

For the safety of the necessary level of pressure, the sprat began to work in the illuminator. For one thing it will collapse, and the other one will be lost, keeping the ship airtight. Vіtchiznіnі іlіumіnatorі on "Soyuz" and "Skhodakh" were small by three glasses (on "Soyuzі" є one dvosklyane, but most of the windows were covered with a periscope).

On the "Apollo" and "Space Shuttle" "windows" are basically the same trisklyany, and the "Mercury" axis - their "first last" - was equipped by the Americans with even a choti-sklyanium illuminator.

The American illuminator on the command module of the Apollo was not a single fold on the view of the Radians. One of the slopes worked at the warehouse of the shell of the bearing heat-protective surface, and the other two (essentially, a double-glazed illuminator) already entered the pressure circuit to the warehouse. As a result, such illuminators were visual, lower optical. Vlasne, looking at the key role of pilots in the management of Apollo, such a decision looked quite logical.

On the moon cabin of "Apollo" all three illuminators themselves were one-sided, the proteo from the outer side of them covered the outer side of the glass, so as not to enter the hermetic contour, and in the middle - the inner side of the orgsk. More one-glass illuminators were installed year by year at the orbital stations, but the de-vantage is still less, lower at the devices that descend from space ships. And on some space vehicles, for example, on the Radyansk interplanetary stations “Mars”, an ear of the 70s, in one clip, actually a sprat of illuminators (double-faced compositions) was combined.

If the spacecraft is in orbit, the temperature difference on the surface can become a couple of hundred degrees. Coefficients of expansion at the warehouse and metal, naturally, are different. So, between the fold and the metal clips, put an indentation. In our country, they were engaged in the NDI of the humanitarian industry. The design has a vicorous hum vacuum resistance. The development of such impairments is a more complicated task: gum is a polymer, and cosmic vibrance with an hour "cuts" polymer molecules into pieces, and as a result, the "magic" gum simply rises.

The bow of the cockpit of Buran. The interior and exterior of the Buran illuminator

When looking at it closely, it is clear that behind the construction of the country's life and American windows, exactly one kind of one is considered. Practically all the folds in the vіtchiznânіh konstruktsіyah mayut the shape of the cylinder (naturally, behind a vinnyat skіlnnya krilatih devices such as Burana or Spіralі). Obviously, the cylinder can be sideways, so it needs to be specially processed to make it shine to a minimum. The surfaces, which are cut in the middle of the illuminator, are covered with a special enamel for which, and the side walls of the chambers are sometimes pasted over with navoxamite. The slopes are strengthened with humic ridges (as they were called humic ridges on the back).

The warp of the American ships "Apollo" had rounded bulges, and on them, like a tire on the wheel disk of a car, the gum was stretched.

Wipe the middle of the illuminator with a ganchirka for an hour, you can’t see it anymore, but it’s categorically not guilty to eat it in the cell (international space). In addition, the glass is not guilty of staining or freezing. To that, before the launch at the spacecraft, it’s not enough to refuel the tanks, but also the illuminators - the chamber should be filled with especially clean dry nitrogen and dry winds. To "rozvantazhit" vlasne sklo, the vice at the chamber is transferred to the smaller one, lower to the sealed one. Nareshti, bazhano, so that from the inner side of the surface of the walls, the vіdsіku was not overly hot or cold. For this one, install an internal screen from orgskl.

THE LIGHT IN INDIA WAS LOOKED BY A WEDGE. The lens looked like it needed!

Sklo is not metal, it is ruined in a different way. There won't be any vm'yatin here - a crack will appear. Mitsnist was able to lie down, the head rank, I will become the surface. To this yogo zmіtsnyuyut, suvayuchi superficial defects - microcracks, blemishes, dents. For whom it is hard to work, to harp. However, it is not customary to behave like this in optical fittings. The surface is worn during the so-called deep grinding. Until the beginning of the 1970s, many optical illuminators learned to change with ion exchange, which made it possible to increase their abrasive resistance.

In order to increase the light transmission, the walls are illuminated by rich ball covers, which are enlightened. Up to їх warehouse may include tin oxide chi іndіya. This coating increases light transmission by 10-12%, and stinks are applied by reactive cathodic sawing. In addition, indium oxide tarnishes neutrons well, so that, for example, it’s not possible for an hour of a piloted interplanetary flight. Indium fired up the “philosophical stone” of glass, which is no less than glass craftsmanship. Mirrors with indivisible coverage capture most of the spectrum however. In the third knots, the indium significantly improves the stamina to abrasion.

At the floor, the illuminators can get confused and from the outer side. Already after the cob of benefits for the Gemini program, the astronauts began to respect that viparium from the heat-protective coating should be deposited on the glass. The space apparatuses in full blaze are filled with the so-called satellite atmosphere. As we wind around the hermetic seals, “hang” in order with the ship a piece of screen-vacuum thermal insulation, right there - the products of the combustion of the components of the fire with robotic motors in the orientation ... , and th, for example, destroy the on-board camera equipment.

Rozrobniki interplanetary space stations from NUO im. S.A. Lavochkina reveals that during the use of a spacecraft up to one comet, two “heads” - nuclei were detected in the warehouse. Ce Bulo was recognized by important scholars. Then it turned out that the other's "head" appeared after the fogging of the illuminator, which caused the effect of an optical prism.

It is not the fault of the illuminators to change the light transmission when they are injected with ionizing vibration in the background cosmic radiation and cosmic vibrations, among them - after the spalachs on the Sun. The interplay of electro-magnetic vibrations The sun and space changes are folded - in the fire is a folding phenomenon. The claying of the vibrancy of the slope can be brought to the establishment of the so-called "centers of contamination", that is, the change in the external light transmission, and also the luminescence, the shards of a part of the clayed energy can be seen negligently in the sight of light quanta. The luminescence creates an additive layer, which reduces the contrast of the image, reduces the noise to the signal, and may impair the normal functioning of the equipment. To that warehouse, scho zastosovitsya in optical illuminators, blame the mother, an order with a high radiation-optical stability, low luminescence riven. The magnitude of the intensity of luminescence is not less important for the optical warehouse, which works under the infusion of vibrancy, lower stability before farbuvannya.

Among the factors of space flight, one of the most safe for illuminators is a micrometeor. It’s up to the Swedish fall of the mentality of the warehouse. That yogo optical characteristics are reduced. Already after the first fate, on the outer surfaces of the old orbital orbital stations, craters and undercuts appear, which reach a second millimeter. Since the greater part of the surface can be screened from meteorological and man-made particles, then the illuminators will not be so mischievous. A blendy rages in a songful world, as if inkoli are installed on illuminators, through yak they work, for example, on-board cameras. On the first American orbital station "Skyleb" it was reported that the illuminators are often screened by structural elements. But, obviously, the most radical solution is to cover up the illuminators of the “orbital” with ceramic covers. So the decision was made to plant a zocrema on the Radiansk orbital station of another generation of Salyut-7.

"Smіtya" in orbit becomes more daedal. In one of the "Shuttle's" uses, it was technogenically deprived of commemorating the viboina-crater on one of the illuminators. It was a little dark, but who knows who can fly in the coming time? In our country, the problems of micrometeorite on the structural elements of space vehicles, zocrema and illuminators are actively dealt with, zocrema, Professor of the Samara State Aerospace University L.G. Lukashev.

More important minds have the illuminators of the devices that descend. When descending into the atmosphere, the stinks linger in the gloomy high-temperature plasma. Krim a vice in the middle of the view to the illuminator, when lowering it, there is a great vice. And then we follow the landing - often on the snow, sometimes near the water. When it gets cold, it gets cold. To that here, special respect is attached to the nourishment of spirituality.

“The simplicity of the illuminator is the only thing that comes to mind. Acts of optics seem that the creation of a flat illuminator is a more folding, lower production of a spherical lens, oscillating the mechanism of "exact inconsistency" in essence, a lower mechanism with an end radius, then a surface spherical. There were no daily problems with the illuminators," - singsongly, the price of the most estimates for the spacecraft's node, especially Georgy Fomin, in the recent past - the first intercessor of the General Designer of the DNPRKTs "TsSKB - Progress".

ALL MI PID "DOME" IN EUROPE

Cupola observation module

Recently, on the 8th of February 2010, after the flight of the Shuttle STS-130, an observant dome appeared at the International Space Station, which consists of a number of great illuminators of a chotiric shape and a round eight-hundred-meter illuminator.

Cupola application module for keeping the Earth and robots with a manipulator. Yogo rozrobiv European concern Thales Alenia Space, and there were Italian machine workers near Turin.

This is how the Europeans are setting a record this year - such great illuminators have never been put into orbit in the USA or in Russia. We can talk about the greatness of the sky and the retailers of various "space hotels" of the future, influencing their special significance for the future space tourists. So there is a great future in the future, and illuminators continue to be one of the key elements of piloted and unmanned spacecraft.

"Dome" - really cool thing! If you marvel at the Earth from the illuminator, then go through the embrasure. And at the “dome” look around at 360 degrees, you can see everything! The earth looks like a map, so, the best guess is a geographical map. It can be seen, like the sun is coming, like getting up, like nothing is waking up ... Marveling at all the beauty of the world, it seems to be in the middle.

Even though it was not an ideal material for illuminators, the engineers were constantly looking for a more suitable material for it. The world has impersonal structurally stable materials, but with all the middle ones, it’s less likely to make a sprig of eyesight in order to beat them when creating illuminators.

At the early stages of the development of Orion fahivtsі NASA tried to use vicor as a material for polycarbonate illuminators, but the stench did not match the optical aids necessary for the image of high-rise buildings. After that, the engineers switched to acrylic material, which ensured the high transparency and majesty of majesty. In the USA, majestic aquariums are made from acrylic, as if they were protecting their baggers from the most potentially unsafe environment for them, showing off the majestic pressure of the water.

Today, Orion is provided with illuminators built into the crew module, as well as additional skin visors for two hatches. The leather illuminator is made up of three panels. The inner panel is made of acrylic, and the grating is still made of steel. With such a look, Orion already had time to visit the cosmos for an hour of the first test flight. For the sake of which fate, NASA engineers are guilty of virishiti - chi can stink victorious in the windows of two acrylic panels and one glass.

In the coming months, Linda Estes and her team may conduct the so-called “sound test” with acrylic panels. The soundness of the time is quite normal, which is due to the deformation of a solid body under the influx of constant tension of the mechanical stress. The soundness is shillnі to all without a hint of hard body - like crystalline, so amorphous. Acrylic panels are tested for 270 days under great ambitions.

Acrylic illuminators are responsible for making the ship Orion significantly lighter, and their structural strength to include the problem of ruining illuminators through the fall of the podryapini and other faults. Following the words of NASA engineers, zavdyaki acrylic panels, they can reduce the weight of the ship more lower by 90 kilograms. The lowering of the masi to allow the spacecraft to be launched into space is signifi- cantly cheaper.

The transition to acrylic panels is also cheaper and the life of a ship of the Orion type, even acrylic is richer cheaper for a slope. Save on some illuminators to get close to 2 million dollars during the life of one spaceship. It is possible, at the future glass, the panels should be switched off from the illuminators, but for the time being, it is still necessary to test the additional accessories.

famous photo "Earth Departure"(Earthrise, NASA catalog stamp number - AS08-14-2383), and was added to the catalog of 100 photographs, which were changed by the version of the LIFE magazine, were shot by astronaut William Alison Anders on December 24, 1968 on board the spacecraft 8 " , if you win a fourth turn in the orbit of the piece satellite M_syatsya. This photograph is one of the most popular photographs of the Earth from space.

Like a small entry: the article was written on 24 March on the day of the 45th day of Earthrise and was a kind of reaction to previous publications, de astronaut William Anders was called the “imovirnim” author of the famous photograph. There were more inaccuracies, which made me think of writing this article. The process of moderation took a few days, and a little bit “invite”, the article was immediately translated from “black” at the “Cosmonautics” hub.

Few people know that AS08-14-2383 was not the first photograph of the Earth, taken in a similar perspective, that it rises above the horizon of the Moon. The commander of the ship Frank Borman (Frank Frederick Borman), who was familiar in the left commander's chair, rolled the spacecraft zgіdnim zgіdnym plan (turn 180 ° to the right) for fixed fixation of the monthly surface through the left stikuvalny illuminator for additional help Zeiss Planar (f / 2.8), which produced automatic monthly surface images at 20-second intervals on a black and white D () cassette.

Anders, who knew the white of the right armchair, photographed the moon surface through the right side window of the command module on a 70 mm black and white lens behind the auxiliary Hasselblad 500EL camera with a 250 mm Zeiss Sonnar lens (f / 5.6), commenting for the record to the on-board voice recorder. The right illuminator, the signs of a roll turn, appearing at the edge of the Earth, if the spacecraft "Apollo-8" began to emerge through the turning point of M_syatsya. Anders was the first of the astronauts to shake the earth. The first three turns in the navkolomisyachnіy orbit її nіhto not bachiv. After watering the Earth, Anders said: “My God, look at the picture here! Tse podyom of the Earth. Nothing, it's cute! Bormann chirped that Anders was going to take a picture of the Earth, ironically saying: "Hey, don't do it, it's not for the plan." The earth's storm was not included in the plans of the scientists, as they are expanding the scientific program for the astronauts of the Apollo 8 spacecraft. Following Bormann's ironic retort, Anders, having laughed at the commander's heat, sang the single sign of the heavenly Earth (AS08-13-2329) on the black and white cassette E():

In the wake of the fact that this image was shot, Anders, having asked the command module pilot James Lovell (James Arthur Lovell, Jr.), who was on the side of the sextant in his work station (Lower Equipment Bay), was busy navigating the ship, give him a cassette with color plіvkoy: “Color plіvka in you, Jim? Give me a splash of color, shvidko, be kind? Lovell supported the idea, asking: De won? Anders yogo kvapiv, suggesting that the cassette is assigned to color markings. Knowing one cassette, Lovell recognized that it was C 368 (small in color was SO-368, ectachrome from the Eastman Kodak Company). Anders calmly speaking far away: “It’s good. Shvidko. Immediately after the transfer of Lovell's spit to Anders, the rest of the mind that the Earth appeared from the look of the sky illuminator. When Anders said: "So, I think we spent it." At this hour, through the wrapping of the spaceship, the Earth could already be seen through the right swivel window and the window of the entrance hatch. Lovell, having indicated to Anders, the stars can be made a sign. Anders, having asked Lovell to look out, having made his famous sign AS08-14-2383 through the illuminator of the entrance hatch:

Having clarified the fine-tuning of the focus in a small discussion with Lovell, Anders, already through the right sticking illuminator, added another color, smaller sign AS08-14-2384, on which the Earth is above the horizon.

There were 4 more photographs of the Earth’s descent (AS08-14-2385 - AS08-14-2388), and 8 more photographs on the advancing fifth orbit (AS08-14-2389 - AS08-14-2396), but the stench was not hostile flooring (stock - photo AS08-14-2392):

Tsі 12 znіmkіv zroblenі through the right stikuvalny illuminator.
A cassette with a colored flier is available here: .

The earth on the signs looked like this:

Antarctica was in the left part of the sign (for 10 years);
- the central part of the view of the Earth, having occupied the Atlantic Ocean with cyclones and anticyclones;
- on the illumination by the Sun of the western part of Africa, the vzdovzh of the terminator, the lefthand one can see the desert of Namib, Namibia, the western part of Angola and the western part of the Sahara. The territory is not covered by darkness. Significant part of the territory of Central Africa and the historical region of Guinea (including that Guinean inflow) is covered with haze balls.

On the animation, commented by the historian of the Apollo program Andrew L. Chaikin and broken at the Scientific Visualization Studio (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), a reconstruction of these podiums is presented. The month was modeled by the stars of a high-rise building, built for the help of an automatic interplanetary station LRO (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter):

Speak to the astronauts at the hour of photographing the Earth at once (English, the hour is full, which is taken from the moment of launch):
075:47:30 Anders. There's the Earth comin' up. Wow, is that pretty!”
075:47:37 Bormann: (ironically) "Hey, don't take that, it's not scheduled."
Laughing, Anders rob the sign AS08-13-2329 through the illuminator.
075:47:39 Anders: "You got a color film, Jim?"
075:47:46 Anders: Hand me a roll of color, quick, would you?
075:47:48 Lovell: "Oh man, that's great! Where is it?"
075:47:50 Anders: “Hurry. Quick."
075:47:54 Bormann: "Gee."
075:47:55 Lovell: "Down here?"
075:47:56 Anders: Just grab me a color. A color exterior."
075:48:00 Lovell: (indistinct)
075:48:01 Anders: "Hurry up."
075:48:06 Anders: Got one?
075:48:08 Lovell: "Yeah, I"m lookin" for one. C 368."
075:48:11 Anders: Anything. Quick."
075:48:13 Lovell: "Here."
075:48:17 Anders: "Well, I think we missed it."
075:48:31 Lovell: "Hey, I got it right here." (Lowell shaking the Earth in the illuminator of the entrance hatch)
075:48:33 Anders: "You can take it, I can speed it up." (Anders asked Lovell to ask for a place at the window of the hatch, after which to kill his famous sign AS08-14-2383)
075:48:37 Lovell: "Bill, I got it framed, it"s very clear right here! (looming on the right sticking window) Got it?"
075:48:41 Anders: "Yep."
075:48:42 Bormann: "Well, take several of them."
075:48:43 Lovell: "So several, so several of "em! Here, give it to me."
075:48:44 Anders: "Take the blame, I know better I can take away the right to learn, to live, just like calm down."
075:48:47 Bormann: "Calm down, Lovell!"
075:48:49 Lovell: "Well I got it right-aw, that's a beautiful shot."
075:48:54 Lovell: "Two-fifty at f/11."
Anders
075:49:07 Anders: "Okay."
075:49:08 Lovell: "A new variation of expression for a short bit."
075:49:09 Anders: I did. I took two of "em here."
075:49:11 Lovell: "You didn't want to?"
075:49:12 Anders.
075:49:17 Lovell: "Just take another one, Bill."